Domestic wastewater is a source of many organic and inorganic pollutants, with notable indicators such as BOD, COD, Nitrogen or Ammonia. In which, COD is an important parameter reflecting the level of organic pollution in water and often exceeds the allowable threshold if not controlled. So how is COD measured and what measures are there to effectively handle it? Let's find out the details with EMIN in the article below!
When using a multimeter to measure electrical parameters, users may sometimes encounter many problems, from small errors such as incorrect display to more serious damage to the device. In some cases, the meter can even explode during measurement. What is the cause and how to handle this situation, especially when measuring ACV voltage (alternating current voltage)? Let's find out how to protect the device and ensure your own safety when operating.
pH is the foundation of beer’s sensory profile. When maintained within the ideal range, yeast performs consistently, fermentation proceeds properly, and natural aromatic compounds such as esters and phenols are formed. These compounds give beer its distinctive aroma, make the bitterness more pleasant, and create a smooth aftertaste.
In optical transmission systems, connectors are the final contact point between devices and fiber cables, and also the most common source of errors. Even a thin layer of dust or a small trace of oil can cause signal reflection, leading to several decibels of loss. Sometimes, an entire transmission line stretching hundreds of meters can lose signal simply because a connector end is not clean. Anyone who has ever installed optical networks, pulled camera lines, or maintained telecommunications infrastructure has likely faced this situation: the OTDR trace looks perfect, yet the signal is still lost. Upon closer inspection, a speck of dust is found right at the connector’s contact core. From such small issues, many engineers have gradually developed the habit of always inspecting and cleaning connectors before performing any operation, considering it a mandatory step in their workflow.
In today's factories and production systems, precise air flow control is indispensable. Air delivered at the correct flow rate ensures efficiency while optimizing energy and operating costs.
Among the devices used for electronic measurement, the oscilloscope is one of the devices that helps us see directly how the electrical signal is happening. Each waveform displayed on the screen is the “language” of the circuit. Understanding the waveform will help us know whether the circuit is healthy or having problems.
In the context of the global move towards energy saving and CO₂ emission reduction, LED technology is dominating. From consumer devices such as TVs, phones, flashlights to residential, industrial, streetlights or office lighting systems, LED has become a popular alternative to incandescent lamps.
In the second half of 2025, the test and measurement market has seen a clear shift from traditional swept spectrum analysis to real-time spectrum analysis. As RF signals become shorter, more complex, and increasingly dense, engineers are turning to tools capable of capturing every variation within just a few microseconds. In this context, Rigol recently introduced the RSA6000 series, a new-generation real-time spectrum analyzer line that marks a significant step forward for the company in the high-end equipment segment.
Automate the water neutralization and treatment process thanks to the pH and ORP sensor system combined with a dosing pump that responds to real-world data.
In the fields of engineering, design and manufacturing, color accuracy is a factor that directly affects the quality and stability of the product. To control and evaluate color objectively, professionals often use the L*a*b* color system, a neutral measurement standard widely applied to many types of materials.
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